Unit 2141: Thermodynamics in Chemical Engineering

1. Introduction to Thermodynamics in Chemical Engineering

1.1 Basic Concepts and Definitions

• System, surroundings, boundary
• State functions and path functions
• Intensive and extensive properties

1.2 Laws of Thermodynamics

• Zeroth Law and temperature definition
• First Law: energy conservation
• Second Law: entropy and irreversibility
• Third Law: absolute entropy

2. Properties of Pure Substances

2.1 Specific Heat Capacities

• Cp and Cv, temperature dependence

2.2 Enthalpy and Entropy

• Definitions and significance
• Standard reference states

2.3 Phase Diagrams

• Phase boundaries and critical points
• Use of phase diagrams in process design

3. Heat and Energy Transfer

3.1 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

• Conduction, convection, radiation

3.2 Energy Balance Equations

• Closed and open systems
• Steady-state and transient energy balances

3.3 Applications in Chemical Engineering

• Heat exchangers design principles
• Reactor heat management

4. Work and Heat Interactions

4.1 Work in Thermodynamic Systems

• Types of work (boundary, shaft, electrical)
• Calculation methods

4.2 Heat Transfer Calculations

• Heat capacity and latent heat considerations
• Heat loss and gain in processes

5. Thermodynamic Cycles

5.1 Carnot Cycle

• Idealized cycle and efficiency

5.2 Rankine Cycle

• Steam power cycle characteristics

5.3 Brayton Cycle

• Gas turbine cycle basics

5.4 Applications and Efficiency Analysis

• Real-world chemical engineering systems

6. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE)

6.1 Phase Equilibria Principles

• Equilibrium criteria

6.2 Raoult's Law and Ideal Solutions

6.3 Henry's Law for Gas Solubility

6.4 Application in Separation Processes

• Distillation, absorption, extraction

7. Chemical Reaction Equilibrium

7.1 Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions

• Gibbs free energy and spontaneity

7.2 Equilibrium Constant Calculations

• Relation to thermodynamic properties

7.3 Impact on Reactor Design and Optimization

• Yield and selectivity considerations

8. Thermodynamics of Mixtures

8.1 Ideal vs Non-Ideal Mixtures

8.2 Phase Diagrams of Binary Systems

8.3 Partial Molar Properties

• Chemical potential, activity coefficients

8.4 Applications in Process Design

9. Energy Balances in Chemical Processes

9.1 Applying Thermodynamic Principles

• Integration of heat, work, and mass transfer

9.2 Calculations of Heat Transfer and Work

9.3 Efficiency and Performance Metrics

10. Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Systems

10.1 Fundamentals of Electrochemical Cells

• Cell potential and thermodynamic foundations

10.2 Batteries and Fuel Cells

• Energy storage and conversion principles

10.3 Significance in Chemical Engineering

• Application in sustainable energy technologies