Unit 2142: Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Fundamentals

1. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

• Fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics
• Properties of fluids
  • Density, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure
• Classification of fluids
  • Ideal vs real fluids
  • Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
• Basic equations governing fluid flow
  • Conservation of mass
  • Conservation of momentum
  • Conservation of energy

2. Fluid Statics

• Behavior of fluids at rest
• Pressure distribution in fluids
  • Hydrostatic pressure formula
  • Variation with depth
• Hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces
  • Horizontal and vertical forces
  • Center of pressure
• Concept of buoyancy
  • Archimedes’ principle
  • Stability of submerged and floating bodies

3. Fluid Dynamics

• Fluid flow in motion
• Continuity equation
  • Conservation of mass in flow
• Bernoulli’s equation
  • Energy conservation along a streamline
  • Applications and limitations
• Energy losses in pipes
  • Major losses (friction)
  • Minor losses (fittings, bends)
• Flow regimes
  • Laminar, turbulent, transitional flow
  • Reynolds number and its significance

4. Flow Measurement Techniques

• Overview of flow measurement importance
• Orifice meter
  • Principle and discharge coefficient
• Venturi meter
  • Design and flow rate calculation
• Pitot tube
  • Measurement of fluid velocity
• Other flow meters
  • Rotameter, electromagnetic, ultrasonic

5. Heat Transfer Fundamentals

• Modes of heat transfer
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
• Applications in engineering systems

6. Conduction Heat Transfer

• Mechanisms of heat transfer through solids
• Fourier’s law of conduction
• Thermal resistance concept
• Steady-state heat conduction
  • One-dimensional conduction
  • Composite walls and cylindrical coordinates

7. Convection Heat Transfer

• Heat transfer due to fluid motion
• Forced convection
• Natural convection
• Heat transfer coefficients
• Boundary layer concepts
• Empirical correlations for convective heat transfer

8. Radiation Heat Transfer

• Basics of electromagnetic radiation
• Blackbody radiation
• Stefan-Boltzmann law
• Emissivity of surfaces
• Radiation exchange between surfaces
  • View factors

9. Heat Exchangers

• Types of heat exchangers
  • Shell and tube, plate, finned tube
• Heat exchanger effectiveness
• NTU (Number of Transfer Units) method
• Heat exchanger analysis and design considerations

10. Applications of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer

• HVAC systems
• Heat exchangers in industry
• Cooling systems
• Thermal management in electronics
• Case studies and practical engineering examples