Introduction to Numeracy Instruction

Introduction to Numeracy Instruction
Key ideas, goals, and practical strategies for teaching foundational mathematics.

1. What Is Numeracy?

2. Core Goals of Numeracy Instruction

1. Conceptual Understanding – Grasp the “why” behind mathematical ideas.
2. Procedural Fluency – Perform calculations accurately and efficiently.
3. Strategic Problem Solving – Choose and apply appropriate methods.
4. Mathematical Reasoning – Explain reasoning, make conjectures, and justify answers.
5. Communication – Represent ideas verbally, symbolically, and visually.

3. Developmental Progression (Early Years → Upper Primary)

4. Instructional Frameworks

4.1 Concrete‑Pictorial‑Abstract (CPA) Model

1. Concrete – Hands‑on materials (blocks, counters).
2. Pictorial – Drawings, diagrams, number lines.
3. Abstract – Symbols and equations.

Use CPA for new concepts, then gradually fade concrete supports.

4.2 Balanced Literacy‑Numeracy Approach

• Explicit Teaching – Direct explanation of concepts and procedures.
• Guided Practice – Teacher scaffolds while students work in small groups.
• Independent Application – Students solve problems autonomously.
• Assessment & Feedback – Ongoing checks for understanding.

4.3 Problem‑Solving Cycle (Polya)

1. Understand the problem
2. Devise a plan
3. Carry out the plan
4. Review/extend

5. Effective Teaching Strategies