Unit 613: Object-Oriented Programming Fundamentals and Design

1. Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

• Overview of OOP
• Key principles: Classes, Objects, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism
• Benefits of OOP: Modularity, reusability, scalability

2. Classes and Objects

• Definition of Classes as Blueprints
• Creating and Instantiating Objects
• Properties (Attributes) and Methods (Behaviors)
• Access modifiers and visibility (public, private, protected)
• Constructors and Destructors

3. Encapsulation and Abstraction

• Encapsulation:
  • Data Hiding and Protection
  • Getters and Setters
• Abstraction:
  • Focusing on Essential Attributes and Behaviors
  • Abstract Classes and Interfaces (Conceptual overview)

4. Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Inheritance:
  • Base and Derived Classes
  • Overriding and Extending Behavior
  • Use of super/parent keyword
• Polymorphism:
  • Compile-time (Method Overloading)
  • Runtime (Method Overriding)
  • Dynamic Binding

5. Relationships Between Classes

• Association:
  • Definition and Examples
• Aggregation:
  • Has-a Relationship
  • Lifespan independence
• Composition:
  • Strong Ownership Relationship
  • Lifespan dependency
• Implications for design and maintenance

6. Method Overloading and Overriding

• Method Overloading:
  • Defining Multiple Methods with Same Name but Different Parameters
  • Use Cases and Benefits
• Method Overriding:
  • Redefining Methods in Subclasses
  • Rules and Best Practices

7. Design Principles in Object-Oriented Programming

• Introduction to SOLID Principles:
  • Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
  • Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
  • Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
  • Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
  • Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
• Applying SOLID for maintainable and scalable code

8. Design Patterns

• Introduction to Design Patterns
• Common Patterns:
  • Singleton Pattern
  • Factory Pattern
  • Observer Pattern
  • Strategy Pattern
• Practical examples and use cases

9. Exception Handling in Object-Oriented Programming

• Understanding Exceptions and Errors
• Try-Catch-Finally Blocks
• Throwing Exceptions
• Creating Custom Exception Classes
• Best Practices for Error Handling