Unit 864 Comprehensive Outline

1. Design Patterns

1.1 Overview of Design Patterns

• Definition and importance in software engineering
• Categories: Creational, Structural, Behavioral

1.2 Singleton Pattern

• Intent and use cases
• Implementation (thread-safe, lazy initialization)
• Pros and cons

1.3 Factory Pattern

• Simple Factory vs Factory Method vs Abstract Factory
• Implementation examples
• Application scenarios

1.4 Observer Pattern

• Motivation and use cases
• Implementation details
• Event-driven programming applications

1.5 Strategy Pattern

• Definition and importance
• Implementation of interchangeable algorithms
• Use cases in software design

2. Refactoring Techniques

2.1 Introduction to Refactoring

• Importance for code maintainability
• When and why to refactor

2.2 Extract Method

• Identifying code to extract
• Benefits for readability and reuse

2.3 Replace Conditional with Polymorphism

• Recognizing complex conditionals
• Applying polymorphism to simplify code

2.4 Introduce Parameter Object

• Grouping parameters into objects
• Improving method signatures and usability

2.5 Additional Techniques Overview

• Rename Variable, Inline Method, Move Method

3. Testing Strategies

3.1 Test-Driven Development (TDD)

• Principles and workflow
• Writing tests before code

3.2 Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)

• Collaboration between developers and stakeholders
• Writing feature files and scenarios

3.3 Testing Different Software Components

• API testing strategies
• Database testing techniques
• User Interface (UI) testing methods

3.4 Automated Testing Tools and Frameworks

• JUnit, Selenium, Postman, etc.

4. Performance Optimization

4.1 Code Profiling

• Tools and techniques
• Identifying bottlenecks

4.2 Caching Strategies

• Types of caching (in-memory, distributed)
• Cache invalidation and consistency

4.3 Database Query Optimization

• Indexing, query rewriting
• Analyzing execution plans

4.4 Algorithm Efficiency

• Big O notation review
• Choosing appropriate data structures and algorithms

5. Security Best Practices

5.1 Input Validation

• Preventing injection attacks
• Sanitization and validation techniques

5.2 Data Encryption

• Symmetric vs asymmetric encryption
• TLS/SSL basics

5.3 Authentication and Authorization

• OAuth, JWT, multi-factor authentication
• Role-based access control

5.4 Protection Against Common Vulnerabilities

• OWASP Top 10 overview
• Techniques to mitigate XSS, CSRF, SQL injection

6. Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)

6.1 CI/CD Concepts

• Benefits and challenges
• Pipeline stages: build, test, deploy

6.2 Automated Testing in CI/CD

• Integration with pipelines
• Ensuring code quality

6.3 Deployment Automation

• Tools: Jenkins, GitLab CI, GitHub Actions
• Blue/green and canary deployments

7. Microservices Architecture

7.1 Principles of Microservices

• Service decomposition
• Single responsibility principle

7.2 Communication Patterns

• Synchronous vs asynchronous
• REST, gRPC, message queues

7.3 Scalability and Fault Tolerance

• Load balancing
• Circuit breakers and retries

7.4 Containerization Technologies

• Docker basics
• Kubernetes orchestration

8. Cloud Computing in Software Development

8.1 Cloud Computing Concepts

• IaaS, PaaS, SaaS overview

8.2 Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

• Tools: Terraform, AWS CloudFormation
• Benefits and best practices

8.3 Serverless Architecture

• Functions as a Service (FaaS)
• Use cases and limitations

8.4 Deploying and Scaling on Cloud Platforms

• AWS, Azure, Google Cloud basics
• Autoscaling and monitoring

9. Agile Software Development

9.1 Advanced Agile Practices

• Scrum framework
• Kanban method
• Lean principles
• Extreme Programming (XP)

9.2 Applying Agile Methodologies

• Sprint planning and retrospectives
• Continuous feedback and improvement

9.3 Agile Tools and Collaboration

• Jira, Trello, Confluence
• Communication best practices