Unit 1795: Foundations of Exercise Science

1. Introduction to Exercise Science

• Definition and scope of exercise science
• Importance in promoting health, fitness, and well-being
• Overview of interdisciplinary nature (physiology, biomechanics, psychology, nutrition)

2. Anatomy and Physiology in Exercise Science

2.1 Muscular Physiology

• Types of muscle tissue
• Muscle contraction mechanisms
• Muscle fiber types and their roles in exercise

2.2 Cardiovascular Responses

• Structure and function of the heart
• Blood circulation during rest and exercise
• Cardiovascular adaptations to regular physical activity

2.3 Respiratory Adaptations

• Anatomy of the respiratory system
• Gas exchange and oxygen transport
• Respiratory changes during acute and chronic exercise

3. Biomechanics and Movement Analysis

3.1 Principles of Biomechanics

• Forces acting on the body (internal and external)
• Newton’s laws of motion applied to human movement

3.2 Joint Mechanics

• Types of joints and range of motion
• Joint stability and mobility

3.3 Movement Efficiency

• Analysis of gait and common movement patterns
• Techniques to improve performance and reduce injury risk

4. Exercise Prescription and Programming

4.1 Principles of Exercise Training

• Overload, progression, specificity, and reversibility

4.2 Designing Exercise Programs

• Assessing client goals and fitness levels
• Structuring aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and neuromotor exercises

4.3 Safety and Modifications

• Contraindications and precautions
• Adapting programs for individual differences

5. Nutrition for Exercise Performance

5.1 Macronutrient Requirements

• Role of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Timing and quantity for exercise optimization

5.2 Hydration Strategies

• Effects of dehydration on performance
• Guidelines for hydration before, during, and after exercise

5.3 Nutrition for Different Athletes

• Endurance vs strength athletes
• Special considerations (e.g., vegetarian athletes, weight category sports)

6. Exercise Psychology and Behavior Change

6.1 Motivation Theories

• Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation
• Self-determination theory

6.2 Goal Setting and Adherence

• SMART goals
• Strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence

6.3 Behavior Change Models

• Transtheoretical model
• Techniques to facilitate behavior change

7. Fitness Assessment and Testing

7.1 Cardiorespiratory Fitness Tests

• VO2 max, submaximal tests

7.2 Muscular Strength and Endurance Assessments

• 1RM testing, endurance protocols

7.3 Flexibility and Body Composition

• Sit-and-reach, skinfold measurements, bioelectrical impedance

8. Special Populations in Exercise Science

8.1 Older Adults

• Age-related physiological changes
• Tailoring exercise programs

8.2 Chronic Disease Considerations

• Exercise for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis

8.3 Pregnancy and Postpartum

• Safety guidelines and modifications

8.4 Athletes with Disabilities

• Adapted physical activity principles
• Inclusive program design

9. Exercise Science Research and Evidence-Based Practice

9.1 Research Methods in Exercise Science

• Experimental, observational studies
• Ethical considerations

9.2 Interpreting Scientific Literature

• Critical appraisal of research articles
• Understanding statistics and results

9.3 Applying Evidence-Based Practice

• Integrating research findings into program design
• Continuous professional development