An overview of the fundamental concepts of web development, including client-side vs. server-side technologies, HTTP protocols, and the role of web browsers.
Introduction to Web Development
Your quick‑start guide to the fundamentals, tools, and workflow of building websites and web applications.
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Definition | The process of creating, building, and maintaining websites or web‑based applications that run on browsers or servers. |
| Scope | • Front‑end (client‑side) – what users see and interact with. • Back‑end (server‑side) – data processing, storage, and business logic. • Full‑stack – combination of both front‑end and back‑end skills. |
| Delivery | Content is delivered over the HTTP/HTTPS protocol and rendered by a web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, etc.). |
| Layer | Primary Languages / Markup | Typical Tools & Frameworks |
|---|---|---|
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language – defines the structure and semantics of a page (headings, paragraphs, lists, forms, etc.). | Editors (VS Code, Sublime), validators (W3C). |
| CSS | Cascading Style Sheets – controls presentation: layout, colors, typography, responsive design. | Pre‑processors (Sass, Less), utility frameworks (Tailwind), CSS-in-JS (styled‑components). |
| JavaScript | Scripting language for interactivity, DOM manipulation, and client‑side logic. | Bundlers (Webpack, Vite), transpilers (Babel), frameworks (React, Vue, Angular). |
| Server‑side | Languages: Node.js (JavaScript), Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, C#, Go. | Frameworks: Express (Node), Django/Flask (Python), Rails (Ruby), Laravel (PHP), Spring (Java), ASP.NET (C#). |
| Databases | Relational: PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite. NoSQL: MongoDB, Redis, CouchDB. |
ORMs (Sequelize, TypeORM, SQLAlchemy, Prisma). |
| APIs | REST, GraphQL, WebSockets. | Tools: Postman, GraphQL Playground, Swagger/OpenAPI. |
| DevOps & Deployment | Containers (Docker), CI/CD pipelines, cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, GCP, Netlify, Vercel). | Infrastructure as Code (Terraform), serverless functions. |
Planning & Design
Set Up Project
git init).create‑react‑app, ng new, vue create).Coding
Testing