An overview of web development, including the roles of front-end and back-end development, the importance of responsive design, and fundamental technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Introduction to Web Development
Quick reference guide for beginners
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Definition | The process of building, testing, and maintaining websites or web applications that run on the Internet or an intranet. |
| Goal | Deliver functional, performant, and user‑friendly experiences across devices (desktop, tablet, mobile). |
| Main Areas | Front‑end (client‑side) – what users see. Back‑end (server‑side) – data processing, storage, and business logic. Full‑stack – combination of both. |
| Layer | Primary Languages / Tools | Typical Tasks |
|---|---|---|
| HTML | Markup language (HTML5) | Structure content: headings, paragraphs, links, tables, forms, semantic tags (<article>, <nav>, etc.). |
| CSS | Styling language (CSS3) | Visual design: layout (Flexbox, Grid), colors, typography, animations, responsive design (media queries). |
| JavaScript | Scripting language (ES6+) | Interactivity: DOM manipulation, event handling, fetch API, client‑side validation, SPA frameworks. |
| Server‑Side | Node.js, Python (Django/Flask), Ruby (Rails), PHP, Java (Spring), .NET, Go | Process requests, business logic, authentication, API endpoints. |
| Databases | Relational (MySQL, PostgreSQL) • NoSQL (MongoDB, Redis) | Store, query, and manage persistent data. |
| Version Control | Git (GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket) | Track changes, collaborate, manage releases. |
| Build Tools | npm/Yarn, Webpack, Vite, Parcel, Gulp | Bundle assets, transpile (Babel, TypeScript), optimize for production. |
| Deployment | Cloud platforms (Vercel, Netlify, AWS, Azure, GCP) • Containers (Docker) • CI/CD pipelines | Host sites, automate testing and release. |
HTML Basics
<!DOCTYPE html>)<head> vs. <body><header>, <section>, <footer>)<input type="email">, <select>)CSS Essentials
%, vh/vw), media queries, mobile‑first approachJavaScript Core
let, const), data types, arrow functionsdocument.querySelector, addEventListener)fetchimport / export)Popular Front‑End Frameworks
| Concept | Typical Implementation |
|---|