Introduction to Jurisprudence

Introduction to Jurisprudence
Foundations, Major Schools, and Key Concepts

1. What Is Jurisprudence?

• Definition – The systematic study of law, its nature, purposes, and underlying principles.
• Purpose – Explains why laws exist, how they function, and how they should be interpreted and applied.
• Scope – Encompasses philosophy of law, legal theory, and the methodology of legal reasoning.

2. Core Questions in Jurisprudence

3. Major Schools of Thought

4. Fundamental Concepts

4.1. Norms and Rules

• Norm – Expectation of behavior, can be moral, social, or legal.
• Legal Rule – A norm backed by state authority and enforceable sanctions.

4.2. Sources of Law

1. Constitutions – Fundamental legal framework.
2. Legislation – Statutes and regulations enacted by legislatures.
3. Judicial Decisions – Precedent (stare decisis) shaping common law.
4. Customary Law – Long‑standing practices recognized as binding.
5. International Law – Treaties, conventions, and customary international norms.

4.3. Validity vs. Legitimacy

• Validity – Formal compliance with procedural requirements (e.g., proper enactment).
• Legitimacy – Moral or political acceptance by the community.

4.4. Interpretation Methods

• Literal/Plain Meaning – Focus on ordinary language.
• Purposive – Look at the law’s purpose and legislative intent.
• Teleological – Consider broader social goals.
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