5 min read
Mathew Wahome
Introduction to Integrated Science
What is Integrated Science?
In the Junior School CBC (KICD), Integrated Science combines biology, chemistry and physics so that learners see how ideas connect. It begins by learning how scientists work and how to stay safe.
Branches of science
- Biology: living things.
- Chemistry: matter and how it changes.
- Physics: energy, forces and motion.
The scientific method
- Identify a problem or ask a question.
- Form a hypothesis (a testable prediction).
- Plan and carry out an experiment, changing one thing at a time.
- Record observations and measurements.
- Analyse the results and draw a conclusion.
Common laboratory apparatus
| Apparatus | Use |
|---|---|
| Beaker | Holding and heating liquids |
| Measuring cylinder | Measuring volume |
| Test tube | Small reactions |
| Bunsen burner | Heating |
| Filter funnel | Filtering mixtures |
| Thermometer | Measuring temperature |
Laboratory safety rules
- Do not run, eat or drink in the laboratory.
- Wear protective clothing, such as a lab coat and goggles.
- Never taste or directly smell chemicals.
- Tie back long hair when using a flame.
- Report all spills and accidents immediately.
- Wash hands after practicals.
Worked example
Question: Does a plant grow faster in sunlight? Hypothesis: Plants in sunlight grow taller. Experiment: put two identical seedlings, one in sunlight and one in a dark cupboard, give the same water, and measure height each week. The changed factor is light; everything else stays equal (a fair test).
Safety symbols
Hazard signs such as flammable, corrosive and toxic warn of dangerous substances. Learn to read them before opening any container.
Try it
- Name three pieces of apparatus and their uses.
- Write a hypothesis about how temperature affects sugar dissolving.
- List four lab safety rules you will follow.