Unit 164: Foundations of Computer Networking

1. Introduction to Computer Networking

• Definition and purpose of computer networking
• Types of networks: LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN
• Key network components: hosts, nodes, links
• Importance of networking in modern computing and communication

2. Network Topologies

• Overview of network topology concept
• Bus topology
  • Structure and device connection
  • Advantages and disadvantages
• Star topology
  • Structure and device connection
  • Advantages and disadvantages
• Ring topology
  • Structure and device connection
  • Advantages and disadvantages
• Mesh topology
  • Structure and device connection
  • Advantages and disadvantages
• Hybrid topology
  • Combining multiple topologies
  • Use cases and benefits

3. OSI Model

• Introduction to the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model
• Seven layers overview:
  1. Physical Layer
  2. Data Link Layer
  3. Network Layer
  4. Transport Layer
  5. Session Layer
  6. Presentation Layer
  7. Application Layer
• Function and responsibilities of each layer
• Role of OSI model in standardizing communication protocols

4. TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• Overview of TCP/IP model layers
  • Network Interface, Internet, Transport, Application
• Key protocols:
  • IP (Internet Protocol): addressing & routing
  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): connection-oriented communication
  • UDP (User Datagram Protocol): connectionless communication
• How TCP/IP underpins the Internet and data transmission

5. Network Devices

• Routers: functions, routing decisions, configuration basics
• Switches: frame forwarding, VLAN support
• Hubs: basic operation and limitations
• Modems: role in network access and communication
• Access Points: wireless connectivity and configuration
• Comparative role of each device in network infrastructure

6. Subnetting and IP Addressing

• Introduction to IP addressing concepts
• IPv4 vs IPv6: differences and advantages
• Understanding subnet masks and their purpose
• Calculating subnets: CIDR notation, subnetting techniques
• Assigning IP addresses: static vs dynamic (DHCP)
• Best practices for efficient subnet design

7. Network Security

• Importance of network security
• Firewalls: types and functions
• Encryption fundamentals: securing data in transit
• VPNs (Virtual Private Networks): purpose and setup
• IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems)
• Best practices for securing networks and data

8. Wireless Networking

• Wireless networking basics
• Wi-Fi standards and 802.11 protocols overview
• Wireless security protocols: WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3
• Wireless network configuration and management
• Comparison between wired and wireless networking

9. Network Troubleshooting

• Common network problems: connectivity, latency, packet loss
• Troubleshooting tools: ping, traceroute, ipconfig/ifconfig, nslookup
• Systematic approach to diagnosing network issues
• Steps to resolve network connectivity problems

10. Network Management and Administration

• Role and responsibilities of network administrators
• Network management tools and software
• Network monitoring techniques and protocols (SNMP)
• Configuration management and documentation
• Best practices for network maintenance and scalability