Unit 1329: Oral Pathology

1. Introduction to Oral Pathology

• Definition and scope of oral pathology
• Importance in clinical dentistry
• Common diseases and conditions affecting the oral cavity

2. Developmental Disorders of the Oral Cavity

• Overview of congenital and developmental abnormalities
• Common disorders:
  • Cleft lip and palate
  • Anodontia, hypodontia, and supernumerary teeth
  • Enamel hypoplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta
  • Other craniofacial anomalies

3. Inflammatory Conditions of the Oral Mucosa

• Gingivitis and its etiologies
• Periodontitis: pathogenesis and clinical features
• Mucositis: causes and management
• Other inflammatory lesions (e.g., lichen planus, aphthous ulcers)

4. Oral Precancerous Lesions

• Definition and significance
• Common lesions:
  • Leukoplakia
  • Erythroplakia
  • Oral submucous fibrosis
• Risk factors contributing to malignant transformation
• Importance of early detection and monitoring

5. Oral Cancer

• Epidemiology and risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, HPV)
• Types of oral cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland malignancies)
• Clinical manifestations and staging
• Diagnostic methods:
  • Biopsy techniques
  • Imaging
• Treatment options:
  • Surgery
  • Radiotherapy
  • Chemotherapy
• Prognosis and follow-up care

6. Salivary Gland Disorders

• Anatomy and physiology overview
• Disorders:
  • Sialadenitis: causes, symptoms, and treatment
  • Sialolithiasis (salivary stones)
  • Salivary gland tumors (benign and malignant)
• Diagnostic approaches

7. Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors

• Definition and classification of odontogenic cysts
• Common cysts:
  • Radicular cyst
  • Dentigerous cyst
  • Odontogenic keratocyst
• Odontogenic tumors:
  • Ameloblastoma
  • Odontoma
• Clinical implications and management strategies

8. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD)

• Anatomy and function of the TMJ
• Types of disorders:
  • Myofascial pain syndrome
  • Internal derangement
  • Arthritic changes
• Clinical signs and symptoms
• Diagnostic tools
• Treatment modalities

9. Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

• Diabetes mellitus and its oral implications
• HIV/AIDS related oral lesions
• Autoimmune disorders affecting the oral cavity:
  • Sjögren’s syndrome
  • Lupus erythematosus
• Other systemic conditions with oral signs

10. Dental Trauma and its Consequences

• Classification of dental trauma:
  • Crown fractures
  • Root fractures
  • Luxation injuries
  • Avulsion
• Immediate and long-term management
• Potential complications:
  • Pulp necrosis
  • Tooth loss
  • Alveolar bone damage
• Preventive strategies and patient education