Unit 2847: Landscape Design and Construction

1. Principles of Landscape Design

1.1 Introduction to Landscape Design

• Definition and importance
• Overview of landscape architecture

1.2 Fundamental Principles

• Balance (symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial)
• Unity and harmony
• Proportion and scale
• Focalization and emphasis
• Rhythm and repetition

1.3 Application of Principles in Outdoor Spaces

• Case studies
• Visual composition techniques

2. Site Analysis and Planning

2.1 Site Assessment Fundamentals

• Soil quality testing and interpretation
• Drainage evaluation and problem identification
• Sun exposure analysis: microclimates and shading
• Inventory of existing vegetation and natural features

2.2 Creating a Site Analysis Report

• Mapping and documentation
• Identifying opportunities and constraints

2.3 Landscape Planning Process

• Concept development
• Zoning and spatial organization
• Integration with existing site features

3. Landscape Materials and Their Properties

3.1 Overview of Landscape Materials

• Natural materials: stone, wood, plants
• Manufactured materials: concrete, composites

3.2 Material Properties

• Durability and weather resistance
• Maintenance requirements
• Environmental impact and sustainability

3.3 Selection Criteria

• Suitability for function and aesthetics
• Cost considerations
• Compatibility with site conditions

4. Hardscape Construction Techniques

4.1 Introduction to Hardscaping

• Definition and role in landscape design

4.2 Construction Elements

• Patios: materials, base preparation, installation
• Walkways: design, drainage, surface finishes
• Retaining walls: types, structural considerations
• Decorative features: fountains, pergolas, seating

4.3 Installation Best Practices

• Safety and quality standards
• Tools and equipment
• Common challenges and troubleshooting

5. Softscape Installation and Maintenance

5.1 Plant Selection and Preparation

• Choosing plants for climate and soil
• Preparation of planting sites

5.2 Planting Techniques

• Proper planting depth and spacing
• Mulching and soil amendments

5.3 Maintenance Practices

• Watering schedules and irrigation needs
• Pruning, fertilizing, and pest management
• Seasonal care and rejuvenation

6. Sustainable Landscaping Practices

6.1 Principles of Sustainability in Landscaping

• Resource conservation
• Biodiversity and ecosystem support

6.2 Water Conservation Techniques

• Xeriscaping
• Rain gardens and bioswales

6.3 Native Plant Selection

• Benefits of native species
• Identification and sourcing

6.4 Composting and Soil Health

• Organic matter management
• Soil fertility improvement

6.5 Eco-Friendly Materials

• Recycled and locally sourced materials
• Low-impact construction methods

7. Irrigation Systems and Drainage Solutions

7.1 Irrigation System Types

• Drip, sprinkler, and subsurface
• Advantages and limitations

7.2 Designing Efficient Irrigation

• Water requirements by plant type
• Scheduling and automation

7.3 Drainage Solutions

• Surface and subsurface drainage
• Preventing waterlogging and erosion
• Installation techniques

8. Lighting Design for Landscapes

8.1 Principles of Landscape Lighting

• Purpose: safety, ambiance, aesthetics

8.2 Types of Outdoor Lighting Fixtures

• Path lights, spotlights, floodlights
• Solar vs. electric lighting

8.3 Lighting Techniques

• Highlighting features
• Layering light
• Controlling light pollution

8.4 Energy-Efficient Solutions

• LED technology
• Smart controls and timers

9. Construction Permits and Regulations

9.1 Regulatory Framework

• Zoning laws and land use
• Environmental protection regulations

9.2 Permits Required for Landscape Construction

• Applications and documentation
• Typical approval processes

9.3 Safety Standards

• Occupational safety
• Public safety considerations

9.4 Ensuring Compliance

• Inspections
• Record keeping and reporting