Unit 3396: Instrumentation and Control Technology

1. Introduction to Instrumentation and Control Technology

• Fundamentals of instrumentation and control
• Components: Sensors, Actuators, Controllers
• Control system overview
• Applications across industries (manufacturing, oil & gas, chemical, building automation)

2. Control Systems in Industrial Automation

• Overview of control systems
• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
  • Architecture and operation
  • Programming basics
• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
  • System components
  • Data acquisition and monitoring
• Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
  • Characteristics and applications
• Comparison of PLC, SCADA, and DCS

3. Instrumentation in Process Industries

• Importance of instrumentation in process control
• Measurement variables:
  • Pressure (types of sensors, calibration)
  • Temperature (thermocouples, RTDs)
  • Flow (flow meters, principles)
  • Level (ultrasonic, radar, float sensors)
• Control of process variables
• Instrumentation challenges in chemical, oil & gas, and manufacturing plants

4. Case Study: Automated Manufacturing Plant

• Overview of the manufacturing plant
• Instrumentation and control technologies implemented
• Optimization of production processes
• Quality assurance through control systems
• Lessons learned and best practices

5. Wireless Instrumentation and Control

• Overview of wireless instrumentation
• Types of wireless sensors
• Communication protocols (Zigbee, WirelessHART, ISA100)
• Benefits of wireless systems:
  • Remote monitoring
  • Reduced wiring cost
  • Flexibility and scalability
• Challenges and limitations

6. Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS)

• Concept and importance of SIS
• Components of SIS
• Safety lifecycle and standards (IEC 61508, IEC 61511)
• Applications in high-risk industries (oil refineries, chemical plants)
• Risk reduction and protection mechanisms

7. Integration of IoT in Instrumentation and Control

• Introduction to IoT concepts
• IoT-enabled sensors and devices
• Data acquisition and cloud integration
• Data-driven decision making and analytics
• Predictive maintenance
• Remote monitoring and control

8. Case Study: Smart Building Automation

• Smart building overview
• Sensors and actuators used
• Control systems for HVAC, lighting, security
• Energy efficiency optimization
• Occupant comfort and safety
• Integration challenges and solutions