Unit 2165: Hydraulics and Hydrology

1. Introduction to Hydraulics and Hydrology

• Overview of Hydraulics and Hydrology
• Fundamental concepts: Fluid mechanics, water properties
• The Hydrologic Cycle: Precipitation, infiltration, runoff, evaporation, transpiration

2. Fluid Properties and Behavior

• Properties of fluids: Density, viscosity, surface tension
• Pressure concepts: Hydrostatic pressure, atmospheric pressure
• Fluid behavior in static and dynamic conditions
• Effects of fluid properties on flow and transport

3. Flow in Open Channels

• Types of flow: Laminar vs turbulent, steady vs unsteady
• Flow regimes: Subcritical, supercritical, critical flow
• Energy principles: Bernoulli’s equation, energy grade line
• Application of Manning's equation
  • Manning's formula derivation and parameters
  • Calculating flow rate in rivers and canals
• Channel types and hydraulic characteristics

4. Groundwater Hydrology

• Groundwater occurrence and aquifer types
• Principles of groundwater flow: Darcy's Law
• Aquifer properties: Porosity, permeability, transmissivity
• Groundwater recharge and discharge
• Groundwater contamination and remediation
• Analytical and numerical methods for groundwater analysis

5. Stormwater Management

• Stormwater runoff generation and characteristics
• Design of stormwater drainage systems
• Retention and detention ponds: Design and function
• Best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality
• Flood risk mitigation strategies

6. Watershed Hydrology

• Watershed components and delineation
• Hydrological processes: Precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, runoff
• Runoff generation mechanisms
• Hydrological modeling: Purpose and types
• Application of models for watershed assessment and management

7. Hydraulic Structures

• Types of hydraulic structures: Dams, weirs, culverts, channels
• Design principles and considerations
• Functions: Flow control, erosion prevention, water resource management
• Structural and hydraulic analysis
• Environmental and safety considerations

8. Floodplain Analysis and Management

• Floodplain definition and characteristics
• Flood frequency analysis and statistical methods
• Flood mapping techniques and tools
• Floodplain management strategies
• Community protection and regulatory frameworks

9. Urban Hydrology

• Impact of urbanization on hydrological processes
• Urban runoff characteristics and challenges
• Stormwater management in urban environments
• Sustainable urban water system design
• Green infrastructure and low impact development (LID)