Unit 1580: Obstetrics and Gynaecology

1. Introduction to Obstetrics and Gynaecology

• History of obstetrics and gynaecology
• Scope and importance in healthcare
• Roles and responsibilities of obstetricians and gynaecologists

2. Female Reproductive Anatomy

• External genitalia: vulva, labia, clitoris
• Internal structures: vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
• Functions of each structure
• Hormonal regulation: hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

3. Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Regulation

• Phases of the menstrual cycle: menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, luteal
• Hormonal changes: FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone
• Physiological changes in the endometrium
• Impact on fertility and overall female health

4. Contraception and Family Planning

• Overview of contraception principles
• Barrier methods: condoms, diaphragms
• Hormonal methods: pills, patches, injectables, implants
• Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
• Natural family planning methods
• Emergency contraception
• Considerations for contraceptive choice and counseling

5. Pregnancy and Prenatal Care

• Stages of pregnancy: trimesters overview
• Maternal physiological changes
• Fetal development milestones
• Routine prenatal visits and care
• Common prenatal tests and screenings: ultrasounds, blood tests, genetic screening

6. Labour and Delivery

• Onset and stages of labour: latent, active, transition
• Mechanisms of labour and delivery
• Monitoring maternal and fetal wellbeing
• Pain management options: pharmacological and non-pharmacological
• Potential complications during labour and delivery

7. Common Obstetric Complications

• Preeclampsia: definition, signs, management
• Gestational diabetes: screening, impact, treatment
• Preterm labour: causes, prevention, interventions
• Postpartum hemorrhage: recognition and emergency management

8. Gynaecological Disorders

• Ovarian cysts: types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
• Endometriosis: pathophysiology, clinical features, management
• Uterine fibroids: classification, symptoms, therapies
• Pelvic inflammatory disease: causes, diagnosis, treatment
• Menstrual disorders: dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea

9. Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies

• Definition and types of infertility
• Diagnostic evaluations: hormonal assays, imaging, semen analysis
• Treatment options: medical, surgical
• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART): IVF, ICSI, IUI
• Ethical and psychological considerations

10. Women's Health Across the Lifespan

• Puberty: physiological and psychological changes
• Reproductive years: health promotion and disease prevention
• Menopause: symptoms, hormonal changes, management
• Postmenopausal health: osteoporosis, cardiovascular risk
• Preventive care: screening and lifestyle modifications