Unit 619: Digital Electronics

1. Introduction to Digital Electronics

• Overview of digital vs analog electronics
• Binary number system
  • Decimal to binary conversion
  • Binary arithmetic (addition, subtraction)
• Logic gates basics
• Fundamentals of digital circuit design

2. Boolean Algebra

• Definition and importance
• Basic logic operations: AND, OR, NOT
• Truth tables construction and interpretation
• Boolean expressions and laws
• Simplification techniques
  • De Morgan's Theorems
  • Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps) introduction

3. Logic Gates

• Basic gates: AND, OR, NOT
• Universal gates: NAND, NOR
• Exclusive gates: XOR, XNOR
• Truth tables for each gate
• Symbol representation
• Applications and implementation examples

4. Combinational Logic Circuits

• Definition and characteristics
• Examples of combinational circuits:
  • Adders (Half and Full Adders)
  • Subtractors
  • Multiplexers
  • Demultiplexers
• Designing combinational circuits from truth tables and Boolean expressions

5. Sequential Logic Circuits

• Difference between combinational and sequential circuits
• Concept of memory in circuits
• Timing and clock signals
• Examples of sequential circuits

6. Flip-Flops and Latches

• Introduction to bistable devices
• RS Latch
  • Operation and truth table
• D Flip-Flop
• JK Flip-Flop
• T Flip-Flop
• Applications of flip-flops in digital circuits

7. Counters and Registers

• Binary counters
  • Asynchronous and synchronous counters
• Design and operation
• Registers
  • Types: Shift registers, parallel registers
• Applications in digital systems

8. Memory Units

• Overview of digital memory
• Types of memory:
  • RAM (Random Access Memory)
  • ROM (Read-Only Memory)
  • EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)
• Characteristics and uses

9. Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

• Definitions and purpose
• Multiplexer (MUX): Function and truth table
• Demultiplexer (DEMUX): Function and truth table
• Design examples and applications

10. Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Conversion

• Need for conversion between analog and digital signals
• Analog to Digital Converter (ADC): Operation principles
  • Resolution and sampling techniques
• Digital to Analog Converter (DAC): Operation principles
• Applications in real-world systems