Unit 1945 - Structural Design Principles and Applications

1. Introduction to Structural Design

• Overview of Structural Design Principles
  • Definition and purpose of structural design
  • Safety, serviceability, and economy considerations
• Material Properties Overview
  • Concrete: composition, advantages, limitations
  • Steel: composition, advantages, limitations
• Importance of Designing Safe and Efficient Structures
  • Role of structural engineers
  • Impact on public safety and infrastructure longevity

2. Concrete Properties and Design Considerations

• Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete
  • Compressive strength
  • Durability factors
  • Workability and curing
• Factors Affecting Concrete Performance
  • Mix design
  • Environmental considerations
• Design Considerations for Concrete Structures
  • Cracking and shrinkage
  • Reinforcement requirements
  • Fire resistance

3. Steel Properties and Design Considerations

• Mechanical Properties of Steel
  • Strength characteristics
  • Ductility and elasticity
• Fabrication and Construction Considerations
  • Welding, bolting, and fabrication processes
• Design Considerations for Steel Structures
  • Corrosion protection
  • Fatigue and fracture considerations

4. Structural Loading and Analysis

• Types of Structural Loads
  • Dead loads
  • Live loads
  • Environmental loads: snow, wind
• Principles of Statics and Mechanics in Structural Analysis
  • Equilibrium conditions
  • Internal force determination
• Load Combinations and Factors
  • Safety factors
  • Load factor design principles

5. Concrete Design Methods

• Working Stress Design (WSD)
• Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
• Limit State Design (LSD)
• Application of Design Codes and Standards
  • Overview of relevant concrete codes (e.g., ACI, Eurocode 2)
  • Design examples

6. Steel Design Methods

• Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
• Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
• Application of Steel Design Codes
  • Overview of AISC standards
  • Design examples

7. Beam Design in Concrete and Steel

• Beam Behavior and Load Effects
  • Moment and shear forces
• Design of Concrete Beams
  • Reinforcement calculation
  • Serviceability checks
• Design of Steel Beams
  • Section selection
  • Stability and deflection considerations

8. Column Design in Concrete and Steel

• Axial Load and Moment Interaction
• Slenderness Effects on Column Stability
• Concrete Column Design
  • Reinforcement detailing
  • Buckling considerations
• Steel Column Design
  • Cross-sectional classification
  • Stability and buckling

9. Connection Design for Steel Structures

• Types of Connections
  • Bolted connections
  • Welded connections
  • Moment-resisting connections
• Design Considerations
  • Strength and stiffness requirements
  • Detailing for fatigue and ductility

10. Foundation Design for Concrete and Steel Structures

• Types of Foundations
  • Shallow foundations (footings, slabs)
  • Deep foundations (piles, caissons)
• Soil-Structure Interaction
  • Soil properties affecting design
  • Bearing capacity and settlement
• Design Considerations
  • Load transfer mechanisms
  • Structural and geotechnical coordination