Learning Objectives
5 objectives- Understand the fundamental concepts and roles of operating systems.
- Explain process management including creation, scheduling, and synchronization.
- Describe memory management techniques such as virtual memory, paging, and segmentation.
- Analyze file system structures and device management approaches.
- Evaluate security mechanisms, networking support, and performance optimization in operating systems.
Content Outline
PreviewUnit 530: Operating Systems Fundamentals
1. Introduction to Operating Systems
- Definition and purpose of operating systems
- Roles and responsibilities
- Types of operating systems:
- Batch
- Time-sharing
- Distributed
- Real-time
- Mobile OS
- Key functions:
- Resource management
- User interface
- File management
2. Process Management
- Definition of a process
- Process states and lifecycle
- Process creation and termination
- Process scheduling algorithms:
- First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
- Shortest Job Next (SJN)
- Round Robin (RR)
- Priority Scheduling
- Process synchronization:
- Critical section problem
- Semaphores
- Mutex
- Inter-process communication (IPC):
- Shared memory
- Message passing
3. Memory Management
- Memory hierarchy and organization
- Contiguous memory allocation
- Virtual memory concepts
- Paging and page tables
- Segmentation
- Memory allocation strategies:
- First fit
- Best fit
- Worst fit
- Thrashing and memory management issues
4. File Systems
- File concepts and attributes
- File structure and organization
- File operations:
- Creation
- Deletion
- Reading/Writing
- Searching
- Directory structures
- File system types:
- FAT
- NTFS
- ext3/ext4
- Others
- Mounting and sharing files
5. Device Management
- Overview of I/O devices
- Device drivers and their role
- I/O operations and techniques:
- Programmed I/O
- Interrupt-driven I/O
- Direct Memory Access (DMA)
- Device communication and management
- Buffering, caching, and spooling
6. Security and Protection
- Security goals: confidentiality, integrity, availability
- Authentication and authorization
- Access control mechanisms
- Malware and threats
- Protection mechanisms:
- Firewalls
- Encryption
- Sandboxing
- Security policies and best practices
7. Networking and Distributed Systems
- Network fundamentals and protocols
- Network communication in OS
- Remote access and remote procedure calls (RPC)
- Distributed file systems
- Synchronization in distributed systems
- Challenges in distributed operating systems
8. Performance Evaluation and Optimization
- Performance metrics and monitoring
- Bottleneck identification
- Load balancing
- Resource allocation optimization
- Scheduling improvements
- Case studies and practical tuning techniques
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