Learning Objectives
5 objectives- Understand the fundamental concepts and principles of general chemistry and their applications.
- Analyze atomic structure, chemical bonding, and molecular geometry to explain chemical behavior.
- Apply stoichiometric calculations and gas laws to solve quantitative chemical problems.
- Evaluate acid-base chemistry, thermochemistry, and electrochemistry concepts in various chemical contexts.
- Introduce the basics of organic chemistry including nomenclature, isomerism, and reactions.
Content Outline
PreviewUnit 3101: General Chemistry Fundamentals
1. Introduction to General Chemistry
- Overview of chemistry and its importance
- Basic concepts: matter, elements, compounds, mixtures
- The periodic table: groups, periods, and element classification
- Chemical bonding overview
- Applications of chemistry in medicine, environment, engineering, and industry
2. Atomic Structure
- Atoms and subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons
- Atomic number, mass number, isotopes
- Atomic models: Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Quantum mechanical model
- Electron configurations and orbital diagrams
- Periodic trends and their relation to atomic structure
3. Chemical Bonding
- Types of chemical bonds:
- Ionic bonding
- Covalent bonding
- Metallic bonding
- Lewis structures: drawing and interpretation
- Molecular geometry and VSEPR theory
- Polarity of molecules
- Intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces
4. Stoichiometry
- Balancing chemical equations
- Mole concept and Avogadro’s number
- Molar mass and its calculation
- Mole ratios in reactions
- Percent composition and empirical/molecular formulas
- Limiting reactants and theoretical yield
5. Gases and Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Properties of gases
- Gas laws:
- Boyle’s Law
- Charles’s Law
- Avogadro’s Law
- Combined gas law
- Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT
- Kinetic Molecular Theory and assumptions
- Real gases vs ideal gases
6. Solutions and Concentrations
- Definition and types of solutions
- Solubility and factors affecting solubility
- Concentration units:
- Molarity (M)
- Molality (m)
- Percent composition
- Colligative properties:
- Boiling point elevation
- Freezing point depression
- Preparing solutions and dilution calculations
7. Acids and Bases
- Properties of acids and bases
- pH and pOH scales
- Strong vs weak acids and bases
- Acid-base neutralization reactions
- Titration techniques and calculations
- Buffers and their importance
8. Chemical Reactions
- Classification of reactions:
- Synthesis (combination)
- Decomposition
- Single replacement
- Double replacement
- Balancing chemical equations (review)
- Reaction stoichiometry
- Factors affecting reaction rates
9. Thermochemistry
- Heat and temperature basics
- Endothermic and exothermic reactions
- Enthalpy (ΔH) and standard enthalpy changes
- Calorimetry and heat capacity
- Hess's Law
- Energy changes and chemical reactions
10. Electrochemistry
- Redox reactions: oxidation and reduction
- Electrochemical cells: galvanic and electrolytic
- Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical series
- Faraday’s laws of electrolysis
- Applications: batteries, corrosion, electroplating
11. Organic Chemistry Basics
- Introduction to organic compounds
- Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
- Functional groups: alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, etc.
- Nomenclature basics
- Isomerism: structural and stereoisomers
- Basic organic reactions: substitution, addition, elimination
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