Religion, Ethics and National Values

Role of religion

Religion gives people a worldview, moral guidance and a sense of purpose. In Kenya, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and African Traditional Religion exist side by side, and the Constitution guarantees freedom of conscience and worship (Article 32).

Ethics and morality

• Morality: beliefs about right and wrong.
• Ethics: the systematic study of morality.
• Conscience: the inner voice guiding choices.
• Sources of morals: scripture, family, community, conscience, laws.

Moral decision making

1. Identify the problem.
2. Gather facts.
3. List options and consequences.
4. Consult scripture, elders, religious leaders.
5. Decide and act.
6. Reflect on the outcome.

Teachings from different religions

Christianity: Ten Commandments (Exodus 20), the Beatitudes (Matthew 5), love your neighbour (Mark 12:31). Islam: Five pillars, honesty (sidq), justice (adl), charity (zakat), respect for parents. Hinduism: Dharma (duty), ahimsa (non-violence), karma (action and result). African traditional religion: respect for elders, communal responsibility (ubuntu), care for the land.

Common values: honesty, respect for life, justice, compassion, stewardship of creation.

Contemporary issues

• Corruption and bribery: condemned by all faiths (Exodus 23:8; the Quran forbids taking wealth unjustly).
• Drug and substance abuse: harms body, which is seen as sacred.
• Sexual morality and HIV/AIDS.
• Environmental care: humans are stewards (Genesis 1-2, Quran khalifa).
• Violence and conflict: religions call for peace.
• Cyber ethics: avoid cyberbullying, false news and pornography.

Interfaith dialogue

Dialogue means respectful conversation among believers of different religions. In Kenya, the Inter-Religious Council of Kenya (IRCK) brings leaders together to promote peace and national healing. Benefits: reduces conflict, builds respect, enables joint projects on education and health.

National values (Article 10)

Patriotism, unity, rule of law, democracy, human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, integrity, transparency, accountability and sustainable development. Religious teachings support these values: justice, honesty and service to others.

Worked example

Question: How can religious teachings fight corruption? Answer: teach honesty and fear of God, condemn bribes, encourage whistle-blowing and promote contentment; leaders can model integrity and counsel followers.

Responsible citizenship

Pay taxes honestly, vote responsibly, protect public property, respect others' beliefs and volunteer.

Try it

• Identify a moral dilemma at school and apply the six decision steps.
• Compare teachings on honesty in two religions.
• Plan an interfaith service project for your community.