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1Which of the following is a primary internal land forming process?

A Weathering B Erosion by wind C Plate tectonic uplift D Deposition of sediments

2What landform is created by the action of a river cutting a V‑shaped valley?

A Alluvial fan B U‑shaped valley C V‑shaped valley D Delta

3Which soil horizon is richest in organic matter?

A O horizon B A horizon C B horizon D C horizon

4Which vegetation type is most likely to be found on the highlands of Kenya where rainfall is above 1500 mm per year?

A Acacia savanna B Montane forest C Bushland D Coastal mangrove

5What is the main agent responsible for the formation of dunes in arid regions?

A Rainfall B Glaciers C Wind D River flow

6Which process best describes the formation of a lagoon behind a barrier beach?

A Erosion by wave action B Deposition of sand forming a barrier C Uplift of the seabed D Glacial carving

7A soil that is very deep, dark, and has high fertility is most likely classified as:

A Laterite B Vertisol C Rhodic Ferralsol D Sandy loam

8Which of the following is a result of chemical weathering of rocks?

A Rock fragments become rounded B Formation of clay minerals C Creation of scree slopes D Development of fault lines

9What term describes the movement of water over the land surface that removes soil particles?

A Infiltration B Percolation C Surface runoff D Capillarity

10Which external process is primarily responsible for the formation of a river meander?

A Tectonic uplift B Lateral erosion C Glacial deposition D Wind abrasion